Brain cancers are one of the most common causes of cancer-related death and represent 120 molecularly distinct diseases. Despite advances in clarifying the genetic landscape of these cancers, they remain clinically intractable, underscoring the need to elucidate the complex factors contributing to their heterogeneity. As neuronal activity is known to govern the development of neural circuits and neuroplasticity, it is critical to consider these neural networks in the context of disease. Dr. Venkatesh will use classical and systems neuroscience approaches to determine how the nervous system contributes to brain cancer progression. A comprehensive understanding of malignant neural network interactions may lead to novel therapeutic interventions aimed at normalizing the tumor microenvironment.

Understanding how brain cells communicate at synapses—the junctions where neurons connect—is essential for understanding how the brain functions in both health and disease. Dr. Wang's [National Mah Jongg League Fellow] project aims to develop new tools to explore these intricate synaptic connections. Using spatially resolved RNA sequencing techniques, Dr. Wang can identify which genes are active in specific parts of individual neurons within intact brain slices. Additionally, she is creating novel tracers that can map neuronal connections without the toxicity and limitations of current methods. These advancements will not only enhance our understanding of normal brain development and function but also shed light on neurological disorders and brain cancers, such as gliomas, where cancer cells exploit synapses for tumor growth. This research holds the promise of revealing new therapeutic targets and strategies, potentially leading to improved treatments for various brain conditions.

Ependymomas (EPN) are aggressive brain and spinal cord tumors that are especially difficult to treat in children and often come back after treatment. Recent research has shown that interactions between tumor cells and healthy neurons play a key role in EPN growth. It is not well understood, however, how exactly neurons contribute to this process. By mapping the neuronal environment and exploring the different types of neurons involved, Dr. Zheng hopes to uncover the mechanisms that drive EPN growth and find new ways to treat these tumors. Dr. Zheng received his PhD from Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, his MEng and MSc from University of Technology of Compiègne, Compiègne, and his BEng from Shanghai University, Shanghai.